Sciatica is one of the most common types of nerve pain, yet it is often misunderstood. It is not actually a medical condition on its own, but rather a symptom of an underlying problem in your lower back.
What is Sciatica? The sciatic nerve is the longest and thickest nerve in the human body, running from your lower back, through your hips and buttocks, and down each leg. “Sciatica” refers to the pain that radiates along the path of this nerve.
Common Causes Sciatica occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes pinched or compressed. The most frequent culprits include:
- Herniated Discs: The soft inner core of a spinal disc pushes through the tough outer layer, pressing on the nerve root.
- Bone Spurs: Overgrowth of bone on the vertebrae due to arthritis can irritate the nerve.
- Spinal Stenosis: A narrowing of the spinal canal in the lower back.
Symptoms to Watch For
- A sharp, shooting pain that travels from the lower back down one leg.
- A burning or tingling sensation (pins and needles) in your leg or foot.
- Numbness or muscle weakness in the affected leg.
- Pain that worsens when sitting, coughing, or sneezing.
How is it Treated? The good news is that most cases of sciatica resolve over time with non-operative treatments. A spine specialist may recommend physical therapy, anti-inflammatory medications, or localized steroid injections. Surgery is generally only considered if the pain is severe, fails to respond to conservative treatments, or causes significant leg weakness or bowel/bladder issues.
If you are experiencing radiating leg pain, consult a spine specialist to get an accurate diagnosis and a tailored treatment plan.
